Perennials and herbs
Some of meadow and forest perennials in forest (I-IV)
Importance of ants in the forest
Most spring ephemerals have a mutually beneficial relationship with ants called myrmecochory. Most spring ephemerals produce seeds with elaiosomes, a fleshy, lipid-rich structure that is a nutritious food source for ants (primary seed dispensers)
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Hepatica nobilis Anemone hepatica Liverleaf Liverwort -
Hepatica nobilis Anemone hepatica Liverleaf Liverwort Pink -
Anemone nemorosa wood Anemone -
Anemone ranunculoides yellow Anemone -
Oxalis acetosella Wood-sorrel -
Tussilago farfara Colt’s-foot -
Taraxacum officinale common Dandelion -
Petasites hybridus Butterbur -
Ranunculus cassubicus Kashubian Buttercup -
Geum rivale Water avens -
Chrysosplenium alternifolium alternate-leaved Golden-saxifrage -
Lathyrus vernus bitter Pea-vine -
Tulipa_sylvestris__the_wild_tulip_or_woodland_tulip -
Fragraria vesca Wild strawberry -
Trollius europaeus Globeflower -
Caltha palustris Marsh marigold -
Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy -
Ranunculus lanuginosus wooly butercup -
Carex flaca (glauca) Glaucos sedge -
Allium ursinum Ramson -
Cardamine amara large bitter cress -
Galeobdolon luteum Lamiastrum galeobdolon yellow Archangel -
Viola riviniana common Dog-violet -
Viola canina V. ericetorum heath Dog-violet -
![Stellaria holostea greater Stitchwort]()
Stellaria holostea greater Stitchwort -
![Succisa pratensis devil’s-bit Scabious]()
Succisa pratensis devil’s-bit Scabious -
![Sesleria caerulea blue Moor-grass]()
Sesleria caerulea blue Moor-grass -
![Platanthera spp. Butterfly - orchid]()
Platanthera spp. Butterfly - orchid -
![Listera ovata Neottia ovata common Twayblade]()
Listera ovata Neottia ovata common Twayblade -
![Primula veris Cowslip]()
Primula veris Cowslip -
![Primula veris Cowslip]()
Primula veris Cowslip -
![Neottia nidus-avis Birds nest orchid]()
Neottia nidus-avis Birds nest orchid -
![Tragopogon pratensis Goats beard]()
Tragopogon pratensis Goats beard -
![Scorzonera humilis Vipers grass]()
Scorzonera humilis Vipers grass -
![Carum carvi caraway]()
Carum carvi caraway -
![Veronica chamaedrys germander Speedwell]()
Veronica chamaedrys germander Speedwell -
![Allium ursinum ramson]()
Allium ursinum ramson -
![Chelidonium majus greater celandine]()
Chelidonium majus greater celandine -
![Convallaria majalis lilly of the valley]()
Convallaria majalis lilly of the valley -
![Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup]()
Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup -
![Primula farinosa bird’s-eye Primrose]()
Primula farinosa bird’s-eye Primrose -
![Vicia sepium bush vetch]()
Vicia sepium bush vetch -
![Paris_quadrifolia_herb_paris]()
Paris_quadrifolia_herb_paris -
![Polygonatum_odoratum_Solomons_seal]()
Polygonatum_odoratum_Solomons_seal -
![glandular Globe-thistle Echinops sphaerocephalus]()
glandular Globe-thistle Echinops sphaerocephalus -
![Lamium album white Dead-nettle]()
Lamium album white Dead-nettle -
![Symphytum officinale common Comfrey]()
Symphytum officinale common Comfrey -
![Symphytum asperum rough Comfrey]()
Symphytum asperum rough Comfrey -
![Carex hirta hairy sedge]()
Carex hirta hairy sedge -
![carex flava large Yellow sedge]()
carex flava large Yellow sedge -
![Carex panicea carnation Sedge]()
Carex panicea carnation Sedge -
![Linum catharticum Fairy flax]()
Linum catharticum Fairy flax -
![Polygala amarella dwarf Milkwort]()
Polygala amarella dwarf Milkwort -
![Medicago lupulina black Medick]()
Medicago lupulina black Medick -
![Lathyrus pratensis meadow Vetchling]()
Lathyrus pratensis meadow Vetchling -
![Carex pallescens pale sedge]()
Carex pallescens pale sedge -
![Trifolium repens white clover]()
Trifolium repens white clover -
![Carex pseudocyperus cyperus Sedge]()
Carex pseudocyperus cyperus Sedge -
![Silene vulgaris bladder Campion]()
Silene vulgaris bladder Campion -
![Leontodon hispidus rough Hawkbit]()
Leontodon hispidus rough Hawkbit -
![Brachypodium sylvaticum false brome]()
Brachypodium sylvaticum false brome -
![Lysimachia vulgaris yellow Loosestrife]()
Lysimachia vulgaris yellow Loosestrife -
![Aegopodium podagraria Ground elder]()
Aegopodium podagraria Ground elder -
![Anthriscus sylvestris cow parsley]()
Anthriscus sylvestris cow parsley -
![Geranium palustre Marsh cranesbill]()
Geranium palustre Marsh cranesbill -
![Conium maculatum hemlock]()
Conium maculatum hemlock -
![Alopecurus pratensis meadow Foxtail]()
Alopecurus pratensis meadow Foxtail -
![Galium boreale northern Bedstraw]()
Galium boreale northern Bedstraw -
![Convallaria_majalis_lilly_of_the_valley]()
Convallaria_majalis_lilly_of_the_valley -
![Phleum pratense Timothy]()
Phleum pratense Timothy -
![Deschampsia caespitosa tufted Hair-grass]()
Deschampsia caespitosa tufted Hair-grass -
![Campanula patula spreading Bellflower]()
Campanula patula spreading Bellflower -
![Rumex obtusifolius broad-leaved Dock]()
Rumex obtusifolius broad-leaved Dock -
![Cirsium palustre marsh Thistle]()
Cirsium palustre marsh Thistle -
![Urtica dioica common Nettle]()
Urtica dioica common Nettle -
![Plantago lanceolata ribwort Plantain]()
Plantago lanceolata ribwort Plantain -
![Trifolium medium zigzag clover]()
Trifolium medium zigzag clover -
![Galium odoratum Woodruff]()
Galium odoratum Woodruff -
![Platanthera bifolia lesser Butterfly-orchid]()
Platanthera bifolia lesser Butterfly-orchid -
![Dactylorhiza baltica Baltic marsh orchid]()
Dactylorhiza baltica Baltic marsh orchid
